Skeptics have long proposed that NDEs are
dream-like memories of events that never happened or are
altered memories of real events which are
partly or fully imagined. A
recently published study from the
University of Liège in Belgium compared the
memories of NDEs with memories of others who were in coma without an NDE. They found that
memories of NDEs are significantly different from coma patients without an NDE. In particular they have
significantly more characteristics, like visual details, memory clarity, self-referential information (being involved in the event) and emotional content.
The researchers propose that
NDEs can't be considered as imagined events. which have significantly fewer characteristics.
NDE events are really perceived but since the events did not occur in reality and likely result from physiological conditions (e.g., neurological dysfunction),
the events are actually hallucinatory (
see also ULg video). This conclusion is based on assumptions that are inconsistent with other evidence from NDEs.
Other interpretations are possible.
Seven researchers from the
University of Liège, led by Dr. Steven Laureys, published
a report in the peer-reviewed scientific journal
PLoS ONE on the
characteristics of memories from near-death experiences compared with the memories from others who were in coma but did not report an NDE. The study also compared
NDE memories with memories of real events and imagined events (e.g., past dreams or fantasies).
Skeptics, such as
Susan Blackmore and
Chris French, have long proposed that NDEs are
dream-like memories of events that never happened or are altered memories of real events which are
partly or fully imagined.
The researchers included 21 patients who suffered from an acute brain insult and coma. The patients were divided into three groups: those reporting an NDE (≥ 7 on the Greyson scale, N=8), those reporting memories during coma but without an NDE (< 7 on the Greyson scale, N=6) and those reporting no memories of their coma (N=7). These three groups were all similar in etiology of the brain insult (traumatic, anoxic, hemorrhagic, metabolic and encephalopathic etiologies), as well as age and time since insult. The 21 coma patients were also compared with 18 healthy control subjects.
The researchers measured the memory characteristics of patients using the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ), comparing the target memories (NDE or coma memories) versus memories of real events and imagined events (e.g., past dreams or fantasies). The memory characteristics included sensory details (visual, auditory, etc.), memory clarity (e.g., mentally reliving the events when remembering), self-referential information (memories of being involved in the event) and emotionality (e.g., feeling the emotions of the event when remembering).
The researchers found that memories of NDEs have significantly more characteristics than both memories of real events and imagined events.